微观经济学是经济学的一个分支，研究市场机制下单个生产者和消费者如何将有限的资源进行分配的决策行为。微观经济学的核心是稀缺资源的分配效率，也即研究价格如何通过经济主体的最大化（消费者最大化效用和生产者最大化利润）行为来决定。决策行为会影响价格，而价格又反过来决定商品和劳务的供给和需求数量。微观经济学就是考察这些决策如何做出，以及这些行为对商品和劳务的供给与需求造成什么影响的学科。

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Microeconomics is a branch of Economics that studies the behavior of individual firms and consumers in making decisions on the allocation of limited resources where goods or services are bought and sold in the market. The general concern of microeconomics is the efficient allocation of scarce resources between alternative uses but more specifically it involves the determination of price through the optimizing behavior of economic agents, with consumers maximizing utility and firms maximizing profit. Microeconomics examines how these decisions and behaviors affect the supply and demand for goods and services, which determines prices, and how prices, in turn, determine the quantity supplied and quantity demanded of goods and services. The main content includes