统计学课程简介

统计学是一门搜集、整理、分析统计数据的方法论科学，其目地是探索数据的内在数量规律性，以达到对客观事物的科学认识。目前，统计方法已被应用到自然科学和社会科学的众多领域，统计学也已发展成为由若干分支学科组成的学科体系。根据统计方法的构成，本课程将统计学分为描述统计学和推断统计学。描述统计学研究如何取得反映客观现象的数据，并通过图表形式对所收集的数据进行加工处理和显示，进而通过综合、概括与分析得出反映客观现象规律性的数量特征。其内容包括统计资料的收集方法、加工处理方法、资料的显示方法、数据分布特征的概括与分析方法等；推断统计学研究如何根据样本数据去推断总体数量特征，它是在对样本数据进行描述的基础上，对统计总体的未知数量特征作出以概率形式表述的推断。其内容包括统计抽样与抽样分布，参数估计，假设检验，方差分析，一元及多元线性回归等。 

Statistics Course Introduction

Statistics is a methodological science which focuses on searching, processing and analyzing statistical data. Its purpose is to explore the essential quantitative law of data so that researchers can obtain scientific understanding of objections. By far, statistical approach has been applied to fields of both natural science and social science. Statistics has been developed into a systematic discipline consisting of several subsidiary branches. Based on the composition of statistical approach, this course classifies Statistics into descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics studies how to get objective data. Properly collected and processed, data are presented in form of graphs, which provides straightforward information for following analysis and summary. To get quantitative features to reflect objective laws, descriptive statistics includes data collecting methods, data processing methods, material presenting methods, analyzing methods for data distribution and so on.

Inferential statistics discusses how to infer population features based on sample data. It is a probability analyzing method to detect unknown population features. Inferential statistics consists of statistical sampling and sampling distribution, parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, variance analysis, single and multiple linear regressions and other related studies.